S4E21 Glyphosate questions answered, lesser known landfill facts, Guest Charles Malki - The Wisconsin Vegetable Gardener radio show

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In segment one Joey and Holly answer four questions about glyphosate

What is glyphosate?
glyphosate is a broad-spectrum systemic herbicide and crop desiccant. It is an organophosphorus compound, specifically a phosphonate, which acts by inhibiting the plant enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase.
Glyphosate is a non-selective herbicide, meaning it will kill most plants. It prevents the plants from making certain proteins that are needed for plant growth. Glyphosate stops a specific enzyme pathway, the shikimic acid pathway. The shikimic acid pathway is necessary for plants and some microorganisms.

What is it mainly used for ?
When used precisely and according to label instructions, herbicides help to keep weeds from competing with crops for water, sunlight and nutrients. Glyphosate helps farmers and homeowners control weeds in many different kinds of plantings

How does it work?

Glyphosate-based herbicides all work on the same biochemical principle – they inhibit a specific enzyme called EPSP synthase [source: Funke et. al.]. Without that enzyme, plants are unable to produce other proteins essential to growth, so they yellow and die over the course of several days or weeks. A majority of plants use this same enzyme, so almost all plants succumb to glyphosate.

Why do some feel it is unsafe?
Although generally believed to be less toxic to humans than other herbicides, some experts have concerns about the possibility that it may disrupt endocrine activity in people [source: U.S. National Institutes of Health]. Other animals, including frogs and fish, may also suffer negative effects.

Scientists continuing to study glyphosate have noted increases in Non-Hodgkin lymphoma, a type of cancer, in some people exposed to the chemical [source: Dixon]. The World Health Organization's International Agency for Research on Cancer stated in March 2015 that it believed glyphosate is "probably carcinogenic to humans."

In segment two Joey and Holly go over lesser known facts about landfills
There are fewer landfills today. In the 1980s, the United States was home to more than 7,600 dumps but that number was slashed by more than 75 percent – to 1,908 – by 2009. That’s partly because the average landfill grew substantially (approx. 4x) in size.
It doesn’t mean we’re producing less waste. Trash production has actually tripled in the U.S. since 1960! And, contrary to popular belief, much of this waste isn’t decomposing quickly, if at all. Landfill excavators have found 40-year-old newspapers with print that’s still completely legible.
We have room to gro(continued)