S4E2 What are Heirloom organic, Hybrid, F1, F2, & gmo seeds? Companion planting does it work? Guest Joe Lamp'l - The Wisconsin Vegetable Gardener radio show.

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In segment one: Joey and Holly talk about are Heirloom, organic, Hybrid, F1, F2, F3, and GMO seeds are.

Heirloom Seed – an old cultivar that is "still maintained by gardeners and farmers particularly in isolated or ethnic communities". These may have been commonly grown during earlier periods in human history, but are not used in modern large-scale agriculture

Organic - have been produced entirely through organic practices by a certified organic operation. In order to be sold as such, they must be produced by such a facility which has been certified by an accredited government agency
- Hybrid – the deliberate crossing of two different parent varieties from the same species. A hybrid can be produced organically. This does not mean genetically modified.
We recommend heirloom and organic varieties. We find this produces the best vegetables that best adapt to the environment that they are in.

F1 and F2 Seeds This will result in the hybrid seeds the breeders are after, and they're known as “F1” seeds, or first generation seeds. F1 seeds will be the most stable of any seeds that follow it in future generations, and those generations will be known as “F2” seeds, “F3” seeds, and so forth as more seeds are made
Gmo seeds Genetically modified crops are plants used in agriculture, the DNA of which has been modified using genetic engineering methods. In most cases, the aim is to introduce a new trait to the plant which does not occur naturally in the species
Note: You can not buy GMO seeds for you garden

In segment two Joey and Holly ask the question how effective is companion plating?

https://www.gardenmyths.com/companion-planting-truth-myth/ author Robert Pavlis
Here is what the definition is for companion planting
Companion planting in gardening and agriculture is the planting of different crops in proximity for any of a number of different reasons, including pest control, pollination, providing habitat for beneficial insects, maximizing use of space, and to otherwise increase crop productivity
And that is one of the problems with this topic. There is no single accepted definition. If we can’t agree on what it is, how can we debate its existence?
I’ve taken a definition from the North American Permaculture Magazine, and modified it to include the case where only one plant receives a benefit; “a type of polyculture, where two or more plant types are grown together because at least one of them shows improved growth due to the presence of the others.”

No scientific proof that companion planting
If I plant some corn and climbing beans together, the corn provides structure for the beans to climb up and that is good for the beans. Thi(continued)