Are Kenyan and Ethiopian Runners Born to Win? Myths, Facts, and the Complex Truth About Running Dominance

The dominance of Kenyan and Ethiopian runners in long-distance running stems from a combination of high-altitude upbringing, cultural emphasis on running excellence, economic motivation, and disciplined training, rather than genetics alone. While traits like VO2 max or muscle efficiency may play a minor role, research debunks the myth of a "running gene." Instead, these athletes benefit from early habits, community support, and the drive to escape poverty. Simplifying their success to genetics undermines the resilience, discipline, and environment that make their achievements extraordinary, highlighting the universal potential of hard work and opportunity.