A journey into the man-made element Californium—its birth in 1950 at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the scramble to produce it in tiny quantities, and its dramatic chemistry. We'll unpack its two forms, multiple oxidation states, and how pressure rearranges its crystal structure through 5F electron delocalization. We’ll also explore isotopes like Cf-252 and real-world uses—from kickstarting nuclear reactors and neutron activation analysis to medical research—tying the science back to the spirit of a California gold rush.
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