Justice and Ihsaan

We hear this Ayah in every Jumu’ah Khutba in practically every masjid on the face of the earth. Let us focus on just two words in it – Al Adl wal Ihsaan.

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْعَدْلِ وَٱلْإِحْسَـٰنِ وَإِيتَآئِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلْفَحْشَآءِ وَٱلْمُنكَرِ وَٱلْبَغْىِ يَعِظُكُمْ لَعَلَّكُمْ تَذَكَّرُونَ

Nahl 16: 90   Indeed, Allah commands justice, and excellence (mercy, forgiveness) and courtesy to close relatives. He forbids indecency, wickedness, and aggression. He instructs you so perhaps you will be mindful.

Al-Adl is justice. Justice is not natural. Justice is a choice. It is a decision that we take to establish it, even if we stand alone. Especially if we stand alone, because we ask ourselves, ‘If not me, then who?’ That is why Allahﷻ commanded it. It won’t just happen. It happens only when there is an intention followed by firm, sustained, consistent action. There is no justice in nature. Lions don’t say, ‘Only one of us must hunt one antelope. We must be just.’ Three lionesses will go for the herd of Impala and stampede it into a shallow ravine in which the other four are waiting. As the Impala stampede down the ravine, they attack them in the most energy-efficient way possible and one or two of the Impala die, only because they were on the outer edge of the group. The zebra calf at birth imprints the stripe pattern on the hind quarters of his mother not because he loves abstract art, but because if he can’t find his mother in the herd of a million migrating animals, no other zebra mother will nurse him, even though she may be nursing her own calf. If he can’t find his mother, he will die. Justice is not natural. But justice is the single, most prominent sign of civilization. That is why Islam is all about justice.

Anthropologist Margaret Mead was asked by a student what she considered to be the first sign of civilization in a culture, and she said, ‘When I discovered a skeleton with a fractured femur which had healed. I could see where the broken bone had healed and fused back.’ They asked her why. She replied, ‘In nature, when an animal breaks a femur, it is a death warrant. It can’t run. It can’t hunt or escape hunters. It dies. A broken femur that healed means that there was someone who took care of that individual until it healed. That was the beginning of civilization.’

I wept when I read that, as I weep now because it reminds me of how barbaric we have become. It reminds me that all the veneer of education and sophistication is just that. A veneer. Beneath it, lies the barbarian, the unjust, the real savage, who will kill children who are not his own. Who will rape and plunder if he can do it with impunity. Who needs force to render him harmless. So, are we truly civilized?

To be civilized is to be self-regulated. To be civilized is to care for others, who don’t matter to us in any material urgent way. To be civilized is to do what is right, not because it is convenient, or profitable, or safe. But because it is right. To be civilized is not to eat well but to ensure that nobody goes to bed hungry. To be civilized is not to wear good clothes and live in palaces but to ensure that nobody is naked and living on the street. The principle on which this self-regulation is based is called ‘justice’. Justice is not natural. It is an active choice. Justice is the basis of being civilized. Because to be civilized is not natural. It is a reflection of the Divine, because the source of justice is Allahﷻ. Justice is evidence that we have a Creator who loves us and is concerned for us and so taught us how to self-regulate our natural desires in a way that results in safety and caring for all of us. Justice is the criterion on which we will be judged when at the end of our lives, we will meet the One who gave us that law. Allahﷻ commanded us in the Qur’an:

إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ يَأْمُرُ بِٱلْعَدْلِ وَٱلْإِحْسَـٰنِ وَإِيتَآئِ ذِى ٱلْقُرْبَىٰ وَيَنْهَىٰ عَنِ ٱلْفَحْشَآءِ وَٱلْمُنكَرِ وَٱلْبَ...