Shoulder injuries in athletes: distinguishing between acute disruptions and chronic conditions. They detail the anatomy and biomechanics of various shoulder joints, including the acromioclavicular (AC), glenohumeral, and sternoclavicular (SC) joints, explaining how their intricate interplay contributes to shoulder stability and function. The sources further discuss diagnostic methods, ranging from physical examinations and radiographic imaging to advanced techniques like MRI and CT scans, highlighting specific tests for different pathologies.