Layer 2 (L2) scaling solutions for Ethereum | Optimistic Rollups Arbitrum and Optimism

This comprehensive overview of Layer 2 (L2) scaling solutions for Ethereum, with a particular focus on Optimistic Rollups like Arbitrum and Optimism. They explain how L2s address Ethereum's scalability limitations by processing transactions off-chain, thereby reducing gas fees and increasing transaction speed. The sources detail the technical architecture of these rollups, including their use of fraud proofs and the distinction between Arbitrum's multi-round system and Optimism's single-round approach. Furthermore, the texts highlight the benefits of L2s for both users and developers, such as EVM compatibility and lower costs, while also acknowledging challenges like withdrawal delays and temporary centralization. Specific developments, like Arbitrum Nitro and Ethereum upgrades (EIP-4844), are discussed for their impact on L2 efficiency, alongside the broader ecosystem of L2 networks and their respective roadmaps for future enhancements and interoperability.