This episode discusses mass percent, a way to express the mass contribution of each element in a compound. It defines it with the formula: (mass of the element / total mass of the compound) x 100%. The episode provides a step-by-step guide on how to calculate mass percent, using examples like H₂O, CO₂, and more complex compounds. It highlights that mass percent shows the actual mass contribution of each element, which can be counterintuitive, and advise students to always check that their final percentages sum to 100%.