Transatlantic crossings

new episiode early feb 
 
 
 
 
Transatlantic crossings
 
 
 
 
History[edit]
Packet ships (1812–1838)[edit]

The England, a packet ship of the Black Ball Line

The modern era of "liners" was established by the Black Ball Line which began operation in 1818. The packet ships were contracted by governments to carry mail and also carried passengers and timely items such as newspapers. Up till this point there were no regular passages advertised by sailing ships. They arrived at port when they could, dependent on the wind, and left when they were loaded, frequently visiting other ports to complete their cargo
 
 
 
Paddlers
 
 

The Sirius is considered the first Blue Riband holder for her 1838 voyage to New York at 8.03 knots (14.87 km/h).

In 1843, Great Western recorded a Blue Riband voyage of 10.03 knots (18.58 km/h).

In 1832, Junius Smith, American lawyer turned London merchant, published the idea of building a line of transatlantic
 
Single srew
 
 
Single screw steamers (1872–89)[edit]

White Star's Adriatic by George Parker Greenwood. She was the first screw liner  to    win the Blue Riband with an 1872 run at 14.65 knots (27.13 km/h)

In 1845, Brunel’s Great Britain became the first iron-hulled screw liner on the Atlantic. Starting in 1850, the Inman Line built numerous reduced versions for the steerage trade
 
 
 Cunard's Etruria of 1885, averaged 19.56 knots (36.23 km/h) on an 1888 Blue Riband crossing                                                                                
Inman's City of Paris broke 20.01 knots (37.06 km/h) in 1889                                                                                                                             
 
 Double screw  streamers 1887  1907 
 
 

Cunard's Mauretania held the Blue Riband from 1909 to 1929 at 26.06 knots (48.26 km/h
 

Cunard White Star's Queen Mary regained the Blue Riband at 30.99 knots (57.39 km/h) in 1938.
 
 

The United States won the Blue Riband at 34.51 knots (63.91 km/h) in 1952. Formally, she still holds the title
 
 
cables
 
When the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858 by businessman Cyrus West Field, it operated for only three weeks; subsequent attempts in 1865 and 1866 were more successful. Although a telephone cable was discussed starting in the 1920s[citation needed], to be practical it needed a number of technological advances which did not arrive until the 1940s.[citation needed] Starting in 1927, transatlantic telephone service was radio-based.[1]
TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid(continued)